Vickers hardness from force and diagonal

Calculates HB from force in kilogram-force and ball and indentation diameters in millimeters.

Calculates percent difference between new and reference hardness; it is not a hardness conversion table.

Calculates axial elongation from force, length, area and Young's modulus.

Calculates helper idealized ball screw linear force from torque, efficiency, and lead.

Calculates average bearing pressure from force and projected area.

Calculates tangential force from power and belt speed.