Technical chemistry and processes
Freezing-point depression
Calculates freezing-point depression from molality, the cryoscopic constant, and the van ’t Hoff factor.
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Beer–Lambert law
Calculates absorbance A from molar absorptivity ε, optical path length l, and molar concentration c.
Boiling-point elevation
Calculates boiling-point elevation from molality, the ebullioscopic constant, and the van ’t Hoff factor.
Osmotic pressure
Calculates osmotic pressure from the van ’t Hoff equation for an ideal dilute solution.
Simple Raoult law
Calculates solvent partial pressure as its mole fraction times the pure-solvent vapour pressure.
Basic acidic buffer
Calculates HA/A− buffer pH from Ka and both form concentrations.
Basic alkaline buffer
Calculates B/BH+ buffer pOH and pH from Kb, pKw, and both form concentrations.