Manufacturing and machining
Rectangular punching force
Calculates perimeter 2(a + b) and force F = perimeter × t × τ_s for a rectangular contour.
Related calculators
Round hole punching force
Calculates perimeter πd and force F = perimeter × t × τ_s for round punching or piercing.
Material roll length and mass
Calculates length, outer diameter, turn count, and mass from the winding volume equation.
Measured springback
Describes measured springback from loaded and released angles; it does not predict material behavior.
Minimum bend radius from factor
Calculates minimum inside radius as user-supplied material factor times sheet thickness.
Sheet metal bend allowance
Calculates BA = θ_rad × (Ri + Kt) for a bend angle measured from the flat state.
Sheet metal bend deduction
Calculates BA, OSSB, and BD = 2 × OSSB - BA for one bend line.