Manufacturing and machining
Round hole punching force
Calculates perimeter πd and force F = perimeter × t × τ_s for round punching or piercing.
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Rectangular punching force
Calculates perimeter 2(a + b) and force F = perimeter × t × τ_s for a rectangular contour.
Material roll length and mass
Calculates length, outer diameter, turn count, and mass from the winding volume equation.
Measured springback
Describes measured springback from loaded and released angles; it does not predict material behavior.
Minimum bend radius from factor
Calculates minimum inside radius as user-supplied material factor times sheet thickness.
Sheet metal bend allowance
Calculates BA = θ_rad × (Ri + Kt) for a bend angle measured from the flat state.
Sheet metal bend deduction
Calculates BA, OSSB, and BD = 2 × OSSB - BA for one bend line.